확실히 잡고가는 영문법/조동사

[조동사] could, might, would, should의 용법 정리

ARTificial Intelly 2018. 9. 29. 14:58


[조동사] could, might, would, should의 용법 정리

 

1. 시제의 일치

He said we could smoke there.

They asked if they might go home.

They said it would be OK.

She asked if she should stay with me.

1. 주절의 동사가 과거시제이면 종속절의 조동사도 과거형으로 일치시킨다.

ⓐ ← He said, “You can smoke here.”

ⓑ ← They asked, “May we go home?”

ⓒ ← They said, “It will be OK.”

ⓓ ← She asked, “Shall I stay with you?”

2. 정중한 표현

A: Could[Might] I close the window?

B: Yes, you can[may].

No, you can’t[may not].

Would you please turn off your cell phone?

2. 허가, 요청의 의미로 과거형 조동사를 사용하면 현재형을 쓸 때보다 더 완곡하고 정중한 표현이 된다.

대답은 현재형으로 표현해야 한다.

3. 가능성, 추측

He could[might] be her new boyfriend.

He should[would] be her new boyfriend.

3. 과거형 조동사이지만 과거의 일을 나타내지 않고 <현재나 미래의 일에 대한 가능성, 추측>을 나타낸다. 현재형 조동사에 비해 덜 확실한 추측을 나타냄.

4. 조동사의 과거형 + have v-ed

(1) could[might, would] have v-ed

I could have done it easily.

A: Who sent those flowers?

B: I’m not sure. It could have been your mother.

He might have missed the train.

 

 

I would have gone with you, but I had to study.

 

(2) should have v-ed

It was wonderful. You should have seen it.

It should[ought to] have been sufficient for three people.

4.

(1)

-could have v-ed:

~할 수도 있었는데 <과거사실의 반대>;

~이었을 수도 있다 <과거의 일에 대한 추측, 가능성>

might have v-ed:

~했을지도 몰랐는데 <과거사실의 반대>;

~했을지도 모른다 <과거의 일에 대한 추측>

would have v-ed: ~했을 텐데 (안 했다)

 

 

(2)

과거의 행위에 대한 비난, 후회: ~했어야 했다, ~했더라면 좋았을 텐데

과거의 일에 대한 추측, 가능성: 당연히 ~했을 것이다, ~했음에 틀림이 없다


 

Upgrade Your Grammar

 

++ 가능성, 추측의 확실성 비교 ++

조동사가 나타내는 확실성의 정도는 절대적으로 고정되어 있는 것은 아니지만 대체로 다음과 같다.

확실←―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――불확실

 

must > will > would >

ought to / should

can > could > may > might

-긍정

can’t > couldn’t >

won’t > wouldn’t >

oughtn’t to / shouldn’t >

may not > might not

-부정

가능성 90%이상 (certainly)

가능성 70~80% (probability)

가능성 30~50% (possibility)

 

It must be true. = I’m certain that it is true. It can’t be true.

It can be true. = It is possible that it is true.

 

[연습문제] Exercise

다음 문장의 괄호 안에서 알맞은 말을 고르시오.

1. A: Is it true that he’s bought a car?

B: It (could be, could have been).

2. Alexander the Great (could conquer, could have conquered) the whold world.

3. A little bird told me something wonderful (would happen, will happen) soon.

4. The plant’s dead. You (must have given, should have given) it more water.

5. I thought this plan (would have worked, would work), but it doesn’t.