확실히 잡고가는 영문법/가정법

[가정법] 가정법 과거완료 / 혼합가정법 / if의 생략

ARTificial Intelly 2019. 7. 11. 14:31

[가정법] 가정법 과거완료 / 혼합가정법 / if의 생략

과거의 사실을 반대로 가정, 상상, 소망할 때 사용합니다.

A. 일반적 형태

  • 나타내는 뜻 : '만약 ~했더라면 …했을텐데' <과거 사실을 반대로 가정, 상상>
  • 대표적 형식 : (조건절) If + S + 동사의 과거완료형, / (귀결절) S + would[should], could, might + have v-ed

ⓐ If we had gone by car, we would have saved time.

ⓑ What would have happened if I hadn't smelled gas? 

ⓐ ≒ As we didn't go by car, we couldn't [didn't] save time.

ⓑ ≒ Nothing happened, as I smelled gas.

B. 혼합가정법

  • 나타내는 뜻 : 
    1. '(과거에) 만약 ~했더라면, (지금) …할텐데'
    2. '(지금) ~하다면, (과거에) …했을텐데' <조건절과 귀결절이 나타내는 때가 각각 다름>
  • 대표적 형식 : 
    1. (조건절 = 가정법 과거완료의 형식) If + S + 동사의 과거완료형, / (귀결절 = 가정법 과거의 형식) S + would[should], could, might + V
    2. (조건절 = 가정법 과거의 형식) If + S + 동사의 과거형, / (귀결절 = 가정법 과거완료의 형식) S + would[should], could, might + have v-ed

ⓐ If he had taken the doctor's advice, he might still be alive.

ⓑ If she had not bought the expensive dress, she would have a lot of money now.

ⓒ If Mr.Smith were not a very wealthy man, he could not have donated $1 million to the Red Cross. 

ⓐ ≒ As he didn't take the doctor's advice, he is dead now.

ⓑ ≒ As she bought the expensive dress, she doesn't have much money now.

ⓒ ≒ As Mr.Smith is a very rich man, he was able to donate ~.


C. if의 생략

문어체에서는 if절의 (조)동사가 were, should, had인 경우 if를 생략하고 주어, 동사를 도치시켜 표현하기도 합니다.

Were I in his shoes, I would accept the proposal.

Should you want to contact me, call this number.

Were the goods to arrive after the end of the month, we would cancel the order.

Had we known it was urgent, we would have called before. 

ⓐ ≒ If I were in his shoes, ~.

ⓑ ≒ If you should want to contact me, ~.

ⓒ ≒ If the goods were to arrive after the end of the month, ~.

ⓓ ≒ If we had known it was urgent, ~.

Exercise. 연습문제.

다음 문장의 괄호 안의 단어를 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.

  1. If I (work) hard at school, I'd have gotten a better job.
  2. If I had caught that plane, I (be) dead now.
  3. If I had voted against him, he (have) to resign.
  4. Had the management (act) sooner, the strike wouldn't have happened.
  5. If Jane (hurt) her leg at that time, she could be a famous dancer now.