[가정법] 가정법 과거완료 / 혼합가정법 / if의 생략
과거의 사실을 반대로 가정, 상상, 소망할 때 사용합니다.
A. 일반적 형태
- 나타내는 뜻 : '만약 ~했더라면 …했을텐데' <과거 사실을 반대로 가정, 상상>
- 대표적 형식 : (조건절) If + S + 동사의 과거완료형, / (귀결절) S + would[should], could, might + have v-ed
ⓐ If we had gone by car, we would have saved time. ⓑ What would have happened if I hadn't smelled gas? |
ⓐ ≒ As we didn't go by car, we couldn't [didn't] save time. ⓑ ≒ Nothing happened, as I smelled gas. |
B. 혼합가정법
- 나타내는 뜻 :
- '(과거에) 만약 ~했더라면, (지금) …할텐데'
- '(지금) ~하다면, (과거에) …했을텐데' <조건절과 귀결절이 나타내는 때가 각각 다름>
- 대표적 형식 :
- (조건절 = 가정법 과거완료의 형식) If + S + 동사의 과거완료형, / (귀결절 = 가정법 과거의 형식) S + would[should], could, might + V
- (조건절 = 가정법 과거의 형식) If + S + 동사의 과거형, / (귀결절 = 가정법 과거완료의 형식) S + would[should], could, might + have v-ed
ⓐ If he had taken the doctor's advice, he might still be alive. ⓑ If she had not bought the expensive dress, she would have a lot of money now. ⓒ If Mr.Smith were not a very wealthy man, he could not have donated $1 million to the Red Cross. |
ⓐ ≒ As he didn't take the doctor's advice, he is dead now. ⓑ ≒ As she bought the expensive dress, she doesn't have much money now. ⓒ ≒ As Mr.Smith is a very rich man, he was able to donate ~. |
C. if의 생략
문어체에서는 if절의 (조)동사가 were, should, had인 경우 if를 생략하고 주어, 동사를 도치시켜 표현하기도 합니다.
ⓐ Were I in his shoes, I would accept the proposal. ⓑ Should you want to contact me, call this number. ⓒ Were the goods to arrive after the end of the month, we would cancel the order. ⓓ Had we known it was urgent, we would have called before. |
ⓐ ≒ If I were in his shoes, ~. ⓑ ≒ If you should want to contact me, ~. ⓒ ≒ If the goods were to arrive after the end of the month, ~. ⓓ ≒ If we had known it was urgent, ~. |
Exercise. 연습문제.
다음 문장의 괄호 안의 단어를 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.
- If I (work) hard at school, I'd have gotten a better job.
- If I had caught that plane, I (be) dead now.
- If I had voted against him, he (have) to resign.
- Had the management (act) sooner, the strike wouldn't have happened.
- If Jane (hurt) her leg at that time, she could be a famous dancer now.
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